Nephrolithiasis Associated Rare Renal Tumors Masquerading Non-Functional Kidney

Nephrolithiasis is a common entity encountered in general population. Nephrolithiasis refers to formation and impaction of stones in renal pelvis and calyces. Long standing stones cause irritation, chronic inflammation and may cause ‘metaplasia’ of lining epithelium. The metaplasia is commonly of squamous and glandular epithelium. Metaplastic epithelium may further undergo dysplasia and result in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma respectively, both of which are very rare tumors of kidney. Tumors of the renal pelvis are uncommon, with relative frequency of transitional cell carcinoma (90%), squamous cell carcinoma (10%) and adenocarcinoma (1%) [1]. Hereby, we report two cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma of renal parenchyma and adenocarcinoma of renal pelvis. Both the cases are associated with nephrolithiasis, making chronic irritation the most probable cause of metaplasia and malignant transformation. The emphasis in this case report is careful examination of all cases of nephrolitiasis clinically, radiologically and histopathologically to look for any foci of malignancy because majority of them may be occult.